医学翻译课堂呼吸困难的表示方法等

（1）呼吸困难的表示方法

·[Cardiacdyspnea]心原性呼吸困难

·[Inspiratory]吸气性

·[Expiratory]呼气性

·[Mixed]混合性

·[Obstructive]梗阻性

·[Dyspneaatrest]静息时呼吸困难

·[Dyspneaonexertion]活动时呼吸困难

·[Dyspneaonlyingdown]躺下时呼吸困难

·[Paroxysmalnocturnaldyspnea,PND]夜间阵发性呼吸困难

·[Orthopnea]端坐呼吸

·[Asthma]哮喘

·[Cardiacasthma]心源性哮喘

·[Bronchialasthma]支气管性哮喘

·[Hyperpnea]呼吸深快

·[Periodicbreathing]周期性呼吸

·[Tachypnea(Rapidorfastbreathing;acceleratedbreathing;shortofbreath)]气促

·[Bradypnea(Slowbreathing)]呼吸缓慢

·[Irregularbreathing]不规则呼吸

（2）皮肤粘膜出血的表示方法

·[Bleedingspotsintheskin]皮肤出血点

·[Petechia]瘀点

·[Eccymosis]瘀斑

·[Purpura]紫癜

·[Splinterhemorrhage]片状出血

·[Oozingoftheblood(Errhysis)]渗血

·[Bloodblister(Hemophysallis)]血疱

·[Hemorrhinia(Nasalbleeding)]鼻衄

·[Ecchymoma]皮下血肿

（3）咳嗽与咯痰的表示方法

·[Drycough(Nonproductivecough;hackingcough)]干咳

·[Sharpcough]剧咳

·[Wetcough(Moistcough)]湿咳

·[Productivecough(Loosecough)]排痰性咳

·[Chroniccough]慢性咳嗽

·[Irritablecough]刺激性咳嗽

·[Paroxysmalcough]发作性（阵发性）咳嗽

·[Coughcontinually]持续性咳嗽

·[Spasmodiccough]痉挛性咳嗽

·[Whoopingcough]百日咳

·[Wintercough]冬季咳

·[Wheezingcough]喘咳

·[Shortcough]短咳

·[Distressedcough]难咳

·[Shallowcough]浅咳

·[Droplet]飞沫

·[Frothysputum]泡沫样痰

·[Bloodysputum]血痰

·[Mucous(Mucoid)sputum]粘液样痰

·[Purulentsputum]脓痰

·[Mucopurulentsputum]粘液脓性痰

·[White(Yellow,green)sputum]白（黄,绿）痰

·[Fetid(Foul)sputum]恶臭痰

·[Iron-rust(Rusty)sputum]铁锈色痰

·[Chocolatecolouredsputum]巧克力色痰

·[Thicksputum]浓痰

·[Thinsputum]淡痰

·[Viscoussputum]粘痰

·[Transparentsputum]透明痰

·[Much(Largeamountsof)sputum]大量痰

·[Moderateamountsofsputum]中等量痰

·[Notmuch(Smallamountsof)sputum]少量痰

（4）内脏出血的表示方法

·[Goldstein’shemoptysis]戈耳斯坦氏咯血

·[Massivehematemesis]大量呕血

·[Epistasis(Nosebleed;Nasalbleeding;Hemorrhinia;rhinorrhagia)]鼻衄

·[Hematuria]血尿

·[Initialhematuria]初血尿

·[Idiopathichematuria]特发性血尿

·[Painlesshematuria]无痛性血尿

·[Terminalhematuria]终末性血尿

·[Gross(Macroscopic)hematuria]肉眼血尿

·[Microscopichematuria]镜下血尿

·[Hematuriainthewholeprocessofurination]全程血尿

·[Gingivalbleeding(Ulaemorrhagia;gumbleeding)]牙龈出血

·[Hematochezia]便血

·[Bloodystool]血便

·[Blackstool(Melena)]黑便

·[Tarrystool]柏油样便

·[Bleedingfollowingtrauma]外伤后出血

·[Spontaneousbleeding]自发性出血

·[BleedingContinuously]持续出血

·[Occultblood,OB]隐血

·[Hematobilia]胆道出血

·[Hemathorax]血胸

·[Hemarthrosis]关节积血

·[Hematocoelia]腹腔积血

·[Hematoma]血肿

·[Hemopericardium]心包积血

·[Cerebralhemorrhage]脑出血

·[Subarachnoidhemorrhage(SAH)]蛛网膜下腔出血

·[Excessive(Heavy)menstrualflowwithpassageofclots]月经量多伴血块

·[Mild(Moderate)menses]月经量少（中等）

·[PainlessVaginalbleeding]无痛性阴道出血

·[Postcoitalbleeding]性交后出血

·[Pulsatingbleeding]搏动性出血

·[Post-operationwoundhemorrhage]术后伤口出血

·[Excessivebleedingafterdenalextraction]拔牙后出血过多

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